Emergy Evaluation of Governmental Policies on Derelict Fishing gears in South Korea
نویسندگان
چکیده
Marine debris is a growing global marine environmental issue. It causes negative and serious impacts on marine ecosystem, tourism, navigation safety, and fisheries. Derelict fishing gears (DFGs) have been considered as one of the major sources of marine debris in the Korean seas. The Korean government has implemented many policy measures to control DFGs since late 1990s. We compared three representative policy measures of ‘Cleanup of floating or submerged DFGs (CL)’ using specialized ships to collect DFGs year-round, ‘DFGs buyback program (BB)’ to purchase DFGs collected by fishermen during fishing operations, and ‘Floating reception barge for DFGs (FB)’ to provide a temporary storage place to fishermen who voluntarily collect DFGs. FB required the lowest emergy investment of 8.80E+14 seJ/yr to collect one ton of DFGs. A total of 8.48E+15 seJ/yr was required for CL to collect one ton of DFGs and 6.53E+15 seJ/yr for BB. The emergy investments for CL and BB were 9.6 and 7.4 times higher than that of FB, respectively. CL and BB were more costly options to collect marine debris even in economic terms, with 14.3 times more cost for CL to be implemented and 7.8 times for BB than that of FB. These results suggest that FB could be the most efficient option among the three policy alternatives.
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